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TOWARDS AN ENERGETIC THEORY OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY



ESA annual meeting - August 9th, 2018


KCazelles

KevCaz/talkETIB

inSileco

Kevin S. McCann

Domique Gravel

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CONTEXT

Biogeography: processes and distributions

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Biogeography: processes

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Biogeography: processes

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Biogeography: processes

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Biogeography: processes

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Biogeography: distributions

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Biogeography: distributions

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Biogeography: questions


How processes generate distributions?

How to infer processes from distributions?


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Biogeography: theories


1. Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)

2. Neutral Theory of Biogeography (NTB)

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Biogeography: theories


1. Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)

2. Neutral Theory of Biogeography (NTB)

Within 1 trophic level

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Biogeography: theories


1. Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)

2. Neutral Theory of Biogeography (NTB)

Within 1 trophic level


More than 1 trophic level?

Holt, Toward a Trophic Island Biogeography (book chapter), 2009.

Gravel et al., Ecology Letters, 2011.

Cazelles et al., Ecography, 2016.

Massol et al., Advances in Ecological Research, 2017.

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Biogeography: initial questions


How to include more trophic levels?

How to include ecological interactions?

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Biogeography & biotic interactions

Integrating ecological network

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Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)


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Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)


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première étape pour lever l'hypothèse.

Networks and TIB


Cazelles et al., Ecography, 2016.

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Networks and TIB


Cazelles et al., Ecography, 2016.

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Networks and TIB


Cazelles et al., Ecography, 2016.

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What did we learn?

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What did we learn?

Theoretical models with >1 trophic levels raise tons of questions


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What did we learn?

Theoretical models with >1 trophic levels raise tons of questions


What is predictable?


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What did we learn?

Theoretical models with >1 trophic levels raise tons of questions


What is predictable?


Where/What are the constraints?


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What did we learn?

Theoretical models with >1 trophic levels raise tons of questions


What is predictable?


Where/What are the constraints?


Energy! input / flux / existing theories

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Building an Energetic Theory of Island Biogeography

A key to integrate them all

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A truism?

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A truism?


Sun Autotrophs Hetreotrophs


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A truism?


Sun Autotrophs Hetreotrophs


Water, carbon, nutrients availability


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A truism?


Sun Autotrophs Hetreotrophs


Water, carbon, nutrients availability


Elton, Journal of Experimental Biology, 1924.

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Constraining the model


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Constraining the model


- 1 island = limited input of energy (J.s-1)


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Constraining the model


- 1 island = limited input of energy (J.s-1)


- a foodweb has an energy cost


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Constraining the model


- 1 island = limited input of energy (J.s-1)


- a foodweb has an energy cost


- reaching the energy limit triggers an extinction

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Energy cost of a network on an island



  • simulated food webs

  • body size constrains:

    • energy cost of a population (cM3/4)
    • topology of the food web
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Energy cost of a network on an island



  • Explicit energy transfer Φ
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Energy cost of a network on an island



  • Energy to sustain minimal viable populations (MVP)
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Energy cost of a network on an island



  • Energy to sustain minimal viable populations (MVP)

  • Otherwise, extinctions!

    1. random
    2. the most costly species
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Energy cost of a network on an island



  • most costly species?
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Cost of a community on an island

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Cost of a community on an island

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Cost of a community on an island

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SARs become SERs    Wright, Oikos, 1983.

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SARs become SERs   

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SARs become SERs   

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SARs become SERs   

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SARs become SERs   

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Mean degree

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Mean degree

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Mean degree

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Mean degree    Piechnik et al., Oikos, 2008.

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How ETIB could be useful?

Concluding remarks and perspectives

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Quantification across trophic levels


To do so, ETIB should:

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Quantification across trophic levels


To do so, ETIB should:

1. include a global energy constraint

zero-sum in NTB

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Quantification across trophic levels


To do so, ETIB should:

1. include a global energy constraint

zero-sum in NTB

2. describe the structure of energy flux

Barnes, A. D. et al. (2018). Energy Flux: The Link between Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

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Quantification across trophic levels


To do so, ETIB should:

1. include a global energy constraint

zero-sum in NTB

2. describe the structure of energy flux

Barnes, A. D. et al. (2018). Energy Flux: The Link between Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.

3. support the development of the biogeography of food webs

Galiana, N., et al. (2018). The spatial scaling of species interaction networks. Nature Ecology & Evolution.

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Explain intriguing relationships


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Help forecasting biodiversity

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THE END - THANKS!



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CONTEXT

Biogeography: processes and distributions

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